Mobile radio set of a cellular network for the transmission of speech and/or data, and a method therefor

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a mobile radio set (M) for a cellular network. In order to enable a more reliable determination as to whether a mobile radio set has been moved between switching off and subsequent switching on, the following elements are provided: a first storage section (S 1 ) for storing all relevant channels, acquisition means (E 1 ) for measuring, for the channels stored in the first storage means (S 1 ) prior to the switching off and after the switching on of the mobile radio set (M), a variable which is dependent on the distance between the mobile radio set (M) and the base stations that make a channel available, a second storage section (S 2 ) for storing the variables measured before the switching off, and evaluation means (A) for determining a value characterizing the deviation between the variables stored in the second storage section (S 2 ) and the variables measured after the switching on. Comparison of this value with a predetermined value then enables the decision that movement has taken place. The invention also relates to a method of determining a movement of a mobile radio set.

[0001] The invention relates to a mobile radio set for a cellular network for the transmission of speech and/or data, and to a method for determining whether such a mobile radio set has been physically moved between a switch off and a subsequent switch on.

[0002] Mobile radio sets for analog or digital cellular networks for the transmission of speech and/or data, that are available to a mobile radio subscriber in order to establish a telephone link, a data link or other link via a radio interface independently of the instantaneous location are known in practice. For such mobile radio sets it may be very important to know whether the mobile radio set has been physically moved in a period of time between the switching off of the mobile radio set and the subsequent switching on.

[0003] Cellular networks, such as DCS1800 (Digital Communication System at 1800 MHz), GSM (Global System of Mobile Communication), PCS 1900 (Personal Communication System at 1900 MHz) used in the USA or DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) have a number of fixed base stations that serve the mobile radio sets, by allocating radio resources to the mobile radio subscribers. Each of the base stations covers a given region in which a mobile radio set can avail itself of a service via the relevant base station.

[0004] Because they can be displaced by their users between a switch off and a switch on, upon each switch on the mobile radio sets must determine a base station via which the requested connections can be established.

[0005] The base stations where between the mobile radio set can select in a given location comprise different channels because of the use of different parameters, for example, due to the use of different control frequencies, each network having only a limited number of feasible channels available. The channels may be determined, for example, by the specification of a frequency band within which various channels can be used with a given bandwidth. Moreover, usually various service providers usually share the total number of allocated channels in a network.

[0006] When a mobile radio set does not know the location in which it is present upon switch on, for all relevant channels it will first acquire a variable which is a measure of the distance between the mobile radio set and the base station making the channel available. The acquired variable usually consists of the receiving level. Subsequently, for a channel having a “suitable” variable, that is, usually an adequately high receiving level, the mobile radio set will subsequently check whether this channel is available for the desired service. Moreover, in the presence of several providers in the network the mobile radio subscriber will wish to select a given provider, for example, because the costs of a service as charged by the various providers differs. Such a selection of a channel is a time-consuming and energy-consuming process, because usually it is first necessary to realize synchronization with the relevant base station and transmitted information must be read. Moreover, it may be that synchronization signals and other signals are transmitted only with large time intervals. In some cases even a bidirectional data exchange between the base station and the mobile radio set is required before the mobile radio subscriber can avail himself of a desired service, notably because some providers do not offer their services to all mobile radio subscribers.

[0007] The mobile radio subscriber, however, wishes to have a service available as quickly as possible after having switched on the mobile radio set. If it is necessary to search each time all relevant channels in order to find the best channel, such a service cannot be quickly provided.

[0008] In order to accelerate the channel searching process at least for the case where the mobile radio set has not been moved between switch off and subsequent switch on, it is customary to store a list of channels that can presumably be used at the instantaneous location and should be searched first upon switch on. This list either is made available by the base stations or is stored in the mobile radio set. It is used when a check of the relevant receiving levels after switch on reveals that channels with a suitable receiving level are contained in the list. This list is updated each time before the mobile radio is switched off and can significantly reduce the time required to make a service available when the mobile radio set is present in substantially the same location as before switch off.

[0009] For the case where the mobile radio set has been physically moved between switch off and switch on, however, this procedure has a significant drawback.

[0010] When the mobile radio subscriber and the mobile radio set have moved to a different location, possibly even to a different country, some of the channels in the list stored will, normally speaking, have a suitable receiving level but be used by a different provider. However, this fact will be recognized by the mobile radio set only after having carried out a time and energy consuming check as to whether a connection is possible via such a channel. Only after that the search is extended to other channels in order to find a channel that is used by the desired provider in this location.

[0011] The overall search process always requires more time than necessary when the stored list has first been unsuccessively searched in the order of the associated receiving levels and subsequently all channels have to be searched in the order of the associated receiving levels.

[0012] Even when initially it is checked only whether the receiving levels of the stored channels are adequate for a connection, in the case where no usable channel is found more time will be required than when beforehand all channels were searched to start with. Finally, subsequent to the checking of the stored list all channels, or at least the remainder of the channels, must be measured and investigated for usability.

[0013] Energy-consuming and time-consuming methods, however, should be avoided in order to realize fast establishment of connections and also to achieve an as high as possible standby time for the mobile radio set.

[0014] The document U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,675, therefore, proposes to store a first list of control frequencies which are dispatched by the base stations in the region in which the mobile radio set is present at the relevant instant. Each base station is allocated control frequencies at which it transmits synchronization signals and other signals and via which the mobile radio sets must be synchronized with this base station. For the first list the receiving level is measured for each frequency for each establishment of a connection. Furthermore, a second list with control frequencies and the associated receiving levels must be stored, the control frequencies with the highest receiving levels being selected for this purpose. When a connection is established, all receiving levels of the second list are compared with the receiving levels, measured during the establishment of the connection, of the corresponding frequencies of the first list. When the receiving level in the first and in the second list is essentially the same for each frequency of the second list, the control frequency with the highest receiving level of the first list is selected for the connection; otherwise, synchronization takes place with all frequencies of the network in the order of decreasing receiving levels until a control frequency of the desired sub-network has been found. When the receiving levels of only one frequency in the first and the second list deviate substantially from one another, according to the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,675 it must already be assumed that the mobile radio set has been moved, because only a very limited number of frequencies is available for the comparison. However, it may occur that the control frequency of a base station is changed, so that rejection takes place even though the mobile radio set has not been moved. Thus, the frequencies in the entire frequency spectrum of the network will be searched time and again, even though motion of the mobile radio set has only been falsely assumed.

[0015] It is an object of the invention to provide a mobile radio set for a cellular network for the transmission of speech and/or data and a method therefor which enable improved determination as to whether a mobile radio apparatus has been physically moved between a switch off and a subsequent switch on.

[0016] This object is achieved by means of a mobile radio set as disclosed in claim 1.

[0017] This object is also achieved by means of the method disclosed in claim 9.

[0018] The invention utilizes the fact that the detection of given variables of channels in a network, such as the receiving level, requires a comparatively small amount of energy and time. When such a variable is compared for all channels available in the network before switch off and after switch on of a mobile radio set, the mobile radio set has quasi available a “fingerprint” which enables a reliable verification, even in the case of a change of the variable of individual channels that is independent of the movement, as to whether a mobile radio set still is in approximately the same location after switch on as before switch off. The mobile radio set according to the invention and the method according to the invention thus enable enhanced detection of movement of a mobile radio set between switching off and switching on.

[0019] The main application is to be found in the context of channel search by mobile radio sets, that is, for making the decision whether a list of channels preferably used for the instantaneous environment prior to switch off should be used for the channel search or not, so that time and energy can be saved.

[0020] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0021] The mobile radio set according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be described in detail hereinafter on the basis of an embodiment and with reference to a drawing. The sole Figure shows diagrammatically the elements of a mobile radio set that are of essential importance to the invention.

[0022] The Figure shows the following elements of an embodiment of a mobile radio set M for a telecommunication network: three storage sections S1, S2, S3, two acquisition means E1, E2, evaluation means A and a processing unit V.

[0023] A list containing all frequencies of the telecommunication network is stored in the first storage section S1 of the mobile radio set M. For GSM in the 900 band, for example, it contains 124 different frequencies while for GSM in the 800 band it contains 372 different frequencies.

[0024] The receiving levels measured for the frequencies stored in the first storage section S1 can be stored in the second storage section S2.

[0025] Those frequencies from among the total number of available frequencies that are used as control frequencies in the geographic region in which the mobile radio set is present at the time are stored in the third storage section S3, that is, from among these control frequencies there are stored only those frequencies that exhibit the highest receiving level, for example, the control frequencies with the six highest receiving levels. As has already been mentioned for the state of the art, the control frequencies are those frequencies that are used to transmit information signals and synchronization signals by the base stations.

[0026] The second storage section S2 is connected to the first acquisition means E1 and the third storage section S3 is connected to the second acquisition means E2.

[0027] The storage sections S1, S2, S3 may form part of a common storage medium, and the acquisition means E1, E2 may be realized as a single unit which is connected to the antenna (not shown) of the mobile radio set 1.

[0028] An output of the first acquisition means E1 and an output of the second storage section S2 are connected to inputs of the evaluation means A.

[0029] The output of the evaluation means A itself has controlling access to a processing unit V. Further inputs of the processing unit V are connected to outputs of the first and the third storage section S1, S3. Finally, the processing unit V has a facility for a bidirectional data exchange with base stations (not shown) of the network via an antenna of the mobile radio set.

[0030] The mobile radio set M of the embodiment shown in the Figure operates as follows in conformity with the method according to the invention.

[0031] When the mobile radio set M is switched off, for each of the frequencies present in the first storage section the acquisition means E1 determine the receiving level which is stored in the storage section S2 in association with the frequencies. Furthermore, the control frequencies with the best reception in the relevant location are stored in the third storage section S3, that is, either at regular intervals or upon switch off. The information as to which control frequencies are available for the desired service provider or are available at all in the instantaneous geographic region can either be transmitted by the base stations of the network or be stored in a storage unit, for example on a SIM card.

[0032] When the mobile radio set M is switched on again, the first acquisition means E1 determine the receiving level of all n frequencies stored in the first storage section S1 and apply said frequencies to the evaluation means A. The evaluation means A also receive, from the second storage section S2, the receiving levels stored for all frequencies stored in the first storage section S1. From the receiving levels received the evaluation means A determine a value d which is a measure of the total deviation between the receiving levels stored and those measured upon switch on. The following formule can be used for this purpose: $d = {\frac{1}{n} \cdot \sqrt{\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n}\quad \left( {{Pegel\_ alt}_{i} - {Pegel\_ neu}_{i}} \right)^{2}}}$

[0033] Therein, Pegel_alt_(i) denotes the receiving level, stored before switch off, of the i^(th) channel from among n channels, and Pegel_neu_(i) denotes the receiving level, that is measured upon switch on for the i^(th) channel from among n channels.

[0034] Comparison of the calculated value d with a fixed limit value yields a reliable decision as to whether the mobile radio set has been moved between switch off and switch on. Because of the large number of receiving levels compared, the deviation d represents quasi a fingerprint which represents a significant improvement in the evaluation of the receiving levels detected.

[0035] When the deviation d is below a fixed limit value, it may be assumed that the mobile radio set has not been moved and that the list with the channels is still valid as before. However, if the deviation d exceeds the fixed limit value, it may be assumed that the mobile radio set has been moved.

[0036] The exact value to be used as the limit value, that is, for the deviation that can still be tolerated, is specific of the implementation and must be separately defined for each cellular network.

[0037] Alternatively, however, the receiving levels can also be individually compared; in that case there is specified a given number of frequencies that may deviate from one another by a maximum percentage value so as to allow still the assumption that the set has remained in the same location.

[0038] If it is decided that no movement has taken place, the processing unit V, under appropriate control by the evaluation means A, provides the control frequencies in the third storage section S3 for the channel search for the forthcoming establishment of connections. Thus, using this significantly reduced list of channels synchronization is performed in the order of decreasing receiving levels, and also data is read and local information updated etc. until a usable channel is found. The processing unit V otherwise immediately provides, in the order of decreasing receiving levels, the list in the first storage section S1 with the total number of frequencies assigned to the telecommunication network for the channel search so as to establish a connection. The list in the third storage section S3 is in this case erased and formed again with updated control frequencies.

[0039] Overall, the mobile radio set according to the invention and the method according to the invention enhance the certainty that neither a time delay is introduced, because first the reduced list in the storage section S3 is searched even though the mobile radio set was moved, nor that a long search is performed in all channels even though the mobile radio set was not moved. 

1. A mobile radio set (M) for a cellular network for the transmission of speech and/or data, including a first storage section (S1) for storing all channels allocated to the network or all channels suitable for a connection of the mobile radio apparatus (M) to a base station of the network, acquisition means (E1) for determining, for all channels stored in the first storage means (S1), a variable which is dependent on the distance between the mobile radio set (M) and the base stations making a channel available prior to the switching off and after the switching on of the mobile radio set (M), a second storage section (S2) for storing the variables determined prior to the switching off for all channels stored in the first storage means (S1), and evaluation means (A) for determining a value characterizing the deviation between the variables stored in the second storage section (S2) and the value characterizing the variables determined after the switching on, and for comparing the characterizing value with a fixed value, it being decided that a movement of the mobile radio set (M) has taken place between switch off and switch on if the characterizing value exceeds the fixed value.
 2. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it includes second acquisition means (E2) for determining channels that are preferably to be used for a connection with a base station at the instantaneous location, and a third storage section (S3) for storing a list containing the channels that are preferably to be used at the instantaneous location at regular intervals or each time upon switching off of the mobile radio set (M), the evaluation means (A) being arranged to utilize all channels from the first storage section (S1) when the value characterizing the deviation exceeds the fixed value, and otherwise the channels stored in the third storage section (S3) for the channel search for establishing a connection.
 3. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the various channels are distinct in respect of their frequencies and that the variables are the receiving levels of the frequencies received.
 4. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the value characterizing the deviation between the variables determined and the variables stored is the number of variables deviating from one another beyond a specified value, or a characteristic value (d) calculated from the totality of deviations.
 5. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation means (A) are arranged to determine the characteristic value (d) by way of the formule $d = {\frac{1}{n} \cdot \sqrt{\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n}\quad \left( {{Größe\_ alt}_{i} - {Größe\_ neu}_{i}} \right)^{2}}}$

where n is the number of channels stored in the first storage section (S1), GrÖβe_alt_(i) is the variable of the i^(th) channel from among the n channels stored in the second storage section (S2) before the switch off, and Gröβe_neu_(i) is the variable of the i^(th) channel from among the n channels measured by the acquisition means (E1) upon switch on.
 6. A mobile radio set as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channels stored in the first storage section (S1) are the channels of a specified frequency band with a specified bandwidth per channel.
 7. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is suitable for use in an analog or in a digital cellular network.
 8. A mobile radio set (M) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is suitable for use in a DCS1800 network, a GSM network or a PCS1900 network.
 9. A method of determining whether a mobile radio set (M) for a cellular network for the transmission of speech and/or data has been physically moved between a switch off and a subsequent switch on of the mobile radio set, which method includes the following steps: a) measuring and storing a variable characterizing the distance between the mobile radio set and a base station that makes a channel available, notably the receiving level, for all channels allocated to the network, or for all channels that qualify for use for establishing a connection between the mobile radio set and a base station of the network, when the mobile radio set (M) is switched off, b) measuring the variable for all channels allocated to the network, or for all channels that qualify for use for establishing a connection between the mobile radio set and a base station of the network, when the mobile radio set (M) is switched on, c) comparing the variables stored sub a) and measured sub b) individually or together and determining a value (d) characterizing the deviation, d) comparing the characterizing value with a predetermined value and deciding that the mobile radio set (M) has not been moved between a switch off and a switch on if the value (d) characterizing the deviation is less than the predetermined value, and deciding otherwise that the mobile radio set (M) has been moved between switch off and switch on. 